Ringworm stages - The rash usually develops 4–14 days after the person comes into contact with the fungi and develops the infection. A person with a weakened immune system is more likely to experience symptoms of the infection. Beyond the rash, ringworm can occur with itchiness, cracked skin, and hair loss.

 
Ringworm emerges in stages from the initial contact: Day one : This is the period of exposure when you make first contact with an infected person, animal, or object. Day two to ten : This is referred to as the incubation period, the period before symptoms emerge and when the fungus spores colonize the skin.. Cheap motels in los angeles under dollar40

Aug 24, 2020 · Oftentimes, vets treat ringworm with a combination of antifungal therapies. Your dog may need medicated ointments or shampoos as well as an oral medication like terbinafine, fluconazole, or griseofulvin. The surest way to beat ringworm is to follow your vet's treatment plan, even if your dog's skin and fur look better. Tinea corporis, also known as ringworm of the body, tinea circinata, or simply ringworm, is a fungal infection on the surface of the skin. Ringworm may be passed to humans from direct contact with infected people, infected animals, contaminated objects (such as towels or locker room floors), and the soil. The most common type, which appears as ...Ringworm can appear anywhere on the body, including the scalp (tinea capitis) and groin (jock itch). The rash is usually ring-shaped, but it may look different on your face, neck or scalp. The colour of the ringworm rash may be less noticeable on brown and black skin. Sometimes the rash grows, spreads, or there's more than 1 rash.Pityriasis rosea (pih-tuh-RY-uh-sis ROH-zee-uh) is a common skin condition that causes patches of your skin to develop raised, scaly rashes. It may appear on any part of your body, but it usually appears on the trunk (torso), arms and legs. “Pityriasis” means “scaly,” and “rosea” means “pink,” but the rashes may look red, gray ...Keep the infected area clean and dry. The fungus that causes ringworm thrives in warm, moist areas, so you want keep the area clean and dry. When cleaning the area with ringworm, wash the affected area (s) and dry it (them) with a clean towel. Use another clean towel to dry the other parts of your body.Cats can recover from ringworm on their own in 3-5 months. To speed up the ringworm recovery process, use a vet-prescribed topical ointment or shampoo. Some vets prescribe oral anti-fungal medications to clear up dermatophytosis. Cats must be quarantined for 2-4 weeks during treatment.Keep the infected area clean and dry. The fungus that causes ringworm thrives in warm, moist areas, so you want keep the area clean and dry. When cleaning the area with ringworm, wash the affected area (s) and dry it (them) with a clean towel. Use another clean towel to dry the other parts of your body.Ringworm is a type of skin infection. It looks like a red skin rash that forms a ring around normal-looking skin. Ringworm infection is not caused by an actual worm but by fungi on the skin, hair, and nailbeds. The symptoms of ringworm vary, depending on which part of the body is affected. Most cause itching.It can lead to itching and red rash in the groin region. It can extend to the thighs, pubic area, and lower part of the abdomen. The rash presents with red raised edges and central clearing. Small bumps may be present at the edges. It is usually associated with itching. 7. Ringworm of the beard – Tinea barbae.May 24, 2021 · Contact your veterinarian if your dog experiences any or all of these symptoms: Circular areas of hair loss. Dry, brittle hair. Scabby, inflamed skin. Rough, brittle claws. Hair loss, changes in ... Ringworm Stages. The infection doesn’t present itself right away. It can take up to two weeks before an individual starts to notice any symptoms. Typically, the fungal infection can be identified in two stages; the initial and second stages. In the initial stage, a person might notice a patch of irritated pink or red skin.Apr 16, 2021 · Healing Stage of Ringworm During the First 2 Weeks. There is one way to describe the healing stage of ringworm. It’s a slow and gradual process. If you have contracted this fungal infection, your symptoms will most likely appear during the early part of the second week after contracting the disease. Ringworm Rash Stages Ringworm occurs in three main stages: beginning, advanced and recovery stage. In the beginning stage a rash may appear in a circular ring pattern and may or may not be itchy.Sections of hair may break off near the scalp, leaving scaly, red areas or bald spots. You may see black dots where the hair has broken off. Left untreated, these areas can gradually grow and ...Overview Ringworm is a circular-shaped skin rash caused by a fungal infection. What is ringworm? You might be surprised to learn that a fungus — and not a worm — causes ringworm. Fungi thrive in warm and humid areas such as locker rooms and public showers.Ringworm (also called tinea or dermatophytosis) is a very common fungal infection of the skin and nails that has nothing to do with worms. ( 1) The condition is called ringworm because it tends to ...Over time, the bump turns into a ring- or circle-shaped patch. It may turn into several rings. The inside of the patch is usually clear or scaly. The outside might be slightly raised and bumpy ...Ringworm is characterized by a red ring of small blisters or a red ring of scaly skin that grows outward as the infection spreads. Though children are especially susceptible to catching ringworm, it can affect adults as well. Image: Courtesy of Dr. Lucille K. Georg/ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Text: "Understanding Ringworm ... Ringworm is caused by direct contact with a fungal spore, whereas eczema is a skin condition that is caused by the immune system’s reaction to the external environment. Ringworm. Ringworm is caused by fungi that live on your skin, and can be spread in various ways, typically through other humans, animals, and the environment.Nov 21, 2011 · Question about ringworm healing stages. My husband and I adopted Wompy off the streets a 9 days ago, on Sunday, and took him to the vet right away. Vet said other than some stomach worms and fleas he looked fine. So we gave him meds for that and he seemed fine until tuesday when i noticed a scaly patch of skin under his fur. Nov 11, 2022 · Ringworm (also called tinea or dermatophytosis) is a very common fungal infection of the skin and nails that has nothing to do with worms. ( 1) The condition is called ringworm because it tends to ... Ringworm Stages. The infection doesn’t present itself right away. It can take up to two weeks before an individual starts to notice any symptoms. Typically, the fungal infection can be identified in two stages; the initial and second stages. In the initial stage, a person might notice a patch of irritated pink or red skin.The rash usually develops 4–14 days after the person comes into contact with the fungi and develops the infection. A person with a weakened immune system is more likely to experience symptoms of the infection. Beyond the rash, ringworm can occur with itchiness, cracked skin, and hair loss.Overview Ringworm is a circular-shaped skin rash caused by a fungal infection. What is ringworm? You might be surprised to learn that a fungus — and not a worm — causes ringworm. Fungi thrive in warm and humid areas such as locker rooms and public showers. Ringworm is a skin infection that causes jock itch and athlete’s foot. Ringworm is usually easy to notice because of its shape. A patch that may itch or be scaly will often turn into a raised ...I was very interested to see various comments about ringworm. My ringworm started 10 months ago and was prescribed various creams until 2 weeks ago. Then I was prescribed oral terminating. Thankfully I have not experienced any of the side effects others on this site have experienced. To date, there has been no improvement in the inflamed area. Stages Of Ringworm - Introduction. Before we look at the stages of Ringworm I think it is important to understand what Ringworm is and isn't. It has nothing whatsover to do with any type of worm and is in fact a contagious fungus infection. It can appear on the body, usually around the groin area but also on the scalp and the nails.Over time, the bump turns into a ring- or circle-shaped patch. It may turn into several rings. The inside of the patch is usually clear or scaly. The outside might be slightly raised and bumpy ...Ringworm can appear anywhere on the body, including the scalp (tinea capitis) and groin (jock itch). The rash is usually ring-shaped, but it may look different on your face, neck or scalp. The colour of the ringworm rash may be less noticeable on brown and black skin. Sometimes the rash grows, spreads, or there's more than 1 rash.Nov 21, 2011 · Question about ringworm healing stages. My husband and I adopted Wompy off the streets a 9 days ago, on Sunday, and took him to the vet right away. Vet said other than some stomach worms and fleas he looked fine. So we gave him meds for that and he seemed fine until tuesday when i noticed a scaly patch of skin under his fur. Feline ringworm is among the most frequently occurring skin disorders affecting the worldwide cat population. Clinical signs include circular areas of hair loss, broken and stubbly hair, scaling or crusty skin, alterations in hair or skin color, inflamed areas of skin, excessive grooming and scratching, infected claws or nail beds, and dandruff. Aug 17, 2022 · The ancient Greeks called ringworm "herpes," meaning "ring," while the ancient Romans called it "tinea," referring to the larval stage of a clothes moth. Characterized by round skin lesions (rings) and early belief that the infection was caused by a parasitic worm, the English word "ringworm" was born sometime in the early 15th century. The ancient Greeks called ringworm "herpes," meaning "ring," while the ancient Romans called it "tinea," referring to the larval stage of a clothes moth. Characterized by round skin lesions (rings) and early belief that the infection was caused by a parasitic worm, the English word "ringworm" was born sometime in the early 15th century.Athlete's foot is caused by the same type of fungi (dermatophytes) that cause ringworm and jock itch. Damp socks and shoes and warm, humid conditions favor the organisms' growth. Athlete's foot is contagious and can spread through contact with an infected person or from contact with contaminated surfaces, such as towels, floors and shoes.Sep 3, 2023 · Stage 4: Complete Healing and Disappearance of Ringworm. This stage develops when the lesion has healed completely and there are no visible signs of the infection. During this time, the skin is back to normal and there are no signs of redness or inflammation. Usually, it takes between two and four weeks for a ringworm infection to heal completely. This skin infection is a ring-like rash that appears anywhere on the body or face. It happens in people of all ages, but it is more common in children. It is also more common in warmer climates. The symptoms may include: Red, ring-like rash with raised edges. The middle of the rash may become less red as the lesion grows.Aug 17, 2022 · The ancient Greeks called ringworm "herpes," meaning "ring," while the ancient Romans called it "tinea," referring to the larval stage of a clothes moth. Characterized by round skin lesions (rings) and early belief that the infection was caused by a parasitic worm, the English word "ringworm" was born sometime in the early 15th century. Ringworm on the scalp is also known as tinea capitis. It is more common in children than adults and especially common in kids aged 3–7 . Tinea capitis is contagious , and it can cause scaly ...Aug 8, 2023 · 1. Apply a topical antifungal. Most cases of ringworm can be treated at home. Over-the-counter antifungals can kill the fungus and promote healing. Effective medications include miconazole (Cruex ... The rash usually develops 4–14 days after the person comes into contact with the fungi and develops the infection. A person with a weakened immune system is more likely to experience symptoms of the infection. Beyond the rash, ringworm can occur with itchiness, cracked skin, and hair loss.Stage 1: Less itching The first symptoms of ringworm that will diminish during treatment are the itching and redness. Blisters and the ring-shaped rash will still be present, but may look less red and irritated.Ringworm on the skin like athlete’s foot (tinea pedis) and jock itch (tinea cruris) can usually be treated with non-prescription antifungal creams, lotions, or powders applied to the skin for 2 to 4 weeks. There are many non-prescription products available to treat ringworm, including: Clotrimazole (Lotrimin, Mycelex)Cats can recover from ringworm on their own in 3-5 months. To speed up the ringworm recovery process, use a vet-prescribed topical ointment or shampoo. Some vets prescribe oral anti-fungal medications to clear up dermatophytosis. Cats must be quarantined for 2-4 weeks during treatment.Ringworm, dog. Infected dogs develop bald, scaly patches with broken hairs. Dogs may also develop acne-like bumps on the skin. The most common sites affected by ringworm are the face, ear tips, tail, and feet. Ringworm is diagnosed by fungal culture, examination with an ultraviolet lamp, and direct microscopic examination of hair or skin scale.Keep the infected area clean and dry. The fungus that causes ringworm thrives in warm, moist areas, so you want keep the area clean and dry. When cleaning the area with ringworm, wash the affected area (s) and dry it (them) with a clean towel. Use another clean towel to dry the other parts of your body.Common signs of ringworm in dogs include: Roughly circular areas of hair loss (but not always circular) Red, inflamed, or scabby skin. Rough, brittle, broken claws (if nails are infected) Affected skin isn’t usually itchy. If left untreated, ringworm lesions become larger and irregular in shape, and the fungus spreads to other areas of the ...Ringworm, dog. Infected dogs develop bald, scaly patches with broken hairs. Dogs may also develop acne-like bumps on the skin. The most common sites affected by ringworm are the face, ear tips, tail, and feet. Ringworm is diagnosed by fungal culture, examination with an ultraviolet lamp, and direct microscopic examination of hair or skin scale. Ringworm emerges in stages from the initial contact: Day one : This is the period of exposure when you make first contact with an infected person, animal, or object. Day two to ten : This is referred to as the incubation period, the period before symptoms emerge and when the fungus spores colonize the skin.Ringworm is a superficial skin condition affecting a few specific areas of the body (primarily the head, ears, paws and forelegs), and typically, you will notice inflammation at the site of infection. In canines, the fungus lives and grows in the outermost epidermal layer and in the hair follicles, and sometimes the nail beds.Stages of Ringworm. You won’t see ringworm right away when the fungus has infected you. It can take up to 2 weeks before you start noticing symptoms. Some of the stages you may see include: Initial stage. During this stage, you may notice a pink or red irritated patch of skin.This skin infection is a ring-like rash that appears anywhere on the body or face. It happens in people of all ages, but it is more common in children. It is also more common in warmer climates. The symptoms may include: Red, ring-like rash with raised edges. The middle of the rash may become less red as the lesion grows.Apr 24, 2023 · Sections of hair may break off near the scalp, leaving scaly, red areas or bald spots. You may see black dots where the hair has broken off. Left untreated, these areas can gradually grow and ... I was very interested to see various comments about ringworm. My ringworm started 10 months ago and was prescribed various creams until 2 weeks ago. Then I was prescribed oral terminating. Thankfully I have not experienced any of the side effects others on this site have experienced. To date, there has been no improvement in the inflamed area.Tinea corporis, also known as ringworm of the body, tinea circinata, or simply ringworm, is a fungal infection on the surface of the skin. Ringworm may be passed to humans from direct contact with infected people, infected animals, contaminated objects (such as towels or locker room floors), and the soil. The most common type, which appears as ...itchiness itchy or scaly patches that are red, brown, or gray, or raised areas of skin called plaques a round, flat patch of itchy skin patches that develop blisters or pustulesApr 18, 2022 · Common signs of ringworm in dogs include: Roughly circular areas of hair loss (but not always circular) Red, inflamed, or scabby skin. Rough, brittle, broken claws (if nails are infected) Affected skin isn’t usually itchy. If left untreated, ringworm lesions become larger and irregular in shape, and the fungus spreads to other areas of the ... Erythema - Redness on the chest, head, forelegs, or the back ridge; Shedding and patchy hair loss at different levels (often associated with “crusty” skin) found on the tail, head, chest, or the back’s ridge; Scaling, reddening, crusting, and thickening patches of the skin and coat if the entire body is infected; A ring of flakey bald ...Ringworm is a contagious fungus that can be spread from cat to cat with direct contact. Direct contact can include touching an infected cat, touching an infected person, or contact with any contaminated objects. Ringworm spores can persist on food bowls, blankets, furniture, toys, combs, carpet, and virtually any porous surface.Intense redness and swelling. Pus-filled bumps. Hair loss (hair often returns when ringworm is treated) Swollen lymph nodes. Raw, open skin. Raised soft, spongy skin that weeps fluid. A skin problem that looks like acne, folliculitis, or another skin condition. Some men feel tired and rundown.For example, if your child has one or two small areas of patchy, scaly skin, a doctor may prescribe a cream treatment. Examples of creams used to treat ringworm include: clotrimazole. miconozole ...Contact your veterinarian if your dog experiences any or all of these symptoms: Circular areas of hair loss. Dry, brittle hair. Scabby, inflamed skin. Rough, brittle claws. Hair loss, changes in ...The fungal infection can develop on the body, but especially under fingernails and on feet. Ringworm skin lesions normally begin as distinctive, reddish round areas of hair loss, which may progress to reddening, thickening and loss of pigmentation to other skin areas. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention notes that rash can be dry and ...1. Apply a topical antifungal. Most cases of ringworm can be treated at home. Over-the-counter antifungals can kill the fungus and promote healing. Effective medications include miconazole (Cruex ...Overview Ringworm is a circular-shaped skin rash caused by a fungal infection. What is ringworm? You might be surprised to learn that a fungus — and not a worm — causes ringworm. Fungi thrive in warm and humid areas such as locker rooms and public showers. Fabrics. Wash any fabrics at least at 60 C / 140 F in order to kill off any spores. This includes any of your own clothing in contact with a ringworm piggy, as well as any fleece bedding, fabric underlay, cosies, lap rugs and the towels needed for treatment and dips etc. Toys and wooden furnishings.Apr 26, 2022 · Treatment. If over-the-counter treatments don't work, you may need prescription-strength antifungal medications — such as a lotion, cream or ointment that you apply to the affected skin. If your infection is particularly severe or extensive, your doctor might prescribe antifungal pills. Request an appointment. Sep 1, 2020 · Ringworm on the scalp is also known as tinea capitis. It is more common in children than adults and especially common in kids aged 3–7 . Tinea capitis is contagious , and it can cause scaly ... Ringworm can appear anywhere on the body, including the scalp (tinea capitis) and groin (jock itch). The rash is usually ring-shaped, but it may look different on your face, neck or scalp. The colour of the ringworm rash may be less noticeable on brown and black skin. Sometimes the rash grows, spreads, or there's more than 1 rash.The fungal infection can develop on the body, but especially under fingernails and on feet. Ringworm skin lesions normally begin as distinctive, reddish round areas of hair loss, which may progress to reddening, thickening and loss of pigmentation to other skin areas. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention notes that rash can be dry and ...Scabies is caused by a mite, whereas ringworm is a fungal infection. (5,6) Other rashes, such as poison ivy, are due to an allergic reaction. (4) And some sores and rashes result from a viral ...Ringworm (Tinea corporis) Photo Credit: Bernard Cohen. Description: Ringworm is a common skin infection that is caused by a fungus. It’s called “ringworm” because it can cause a ring-shaped rash that is usually red and itchy with raised edges.Observe the amount of swelling in the infected area. Swelling is a common symptom of ringworm. A reduction in swelling is a good sign that the treatment is working and the ringworm is dying 2. Look for hair re-growth. Ringworm often causes bald patches if it infects an area covered by hair. New hair growth will be easier to spot if the infected ...The basic ringworm stages thus include; Initial stage or ringworm early stage, which is characterized by red or pink irritating skin patch. In other cases, it can appear scaly and dry, not essentially like the ringworm. The second stage whereby the lesion begins to grow and enlarge.Apr 26, 2022 · Treatment. If over-the-counter treatments don't work, you may need prescription-strength antifungal medications — such as a lotion, cream or ointment that you apply to the affected skin. If your infection is particularly severe or extensive, your doctor might prescribe antifungal pills. Request an appointment. This skin infection is a ring-like rash that appears anywhere on the body or face. It happens in people of all ages, but it is more common in children. It is also more common in warmer climates. The symptoms may include: Red, ring-like rash with raised edges. The middle of the rash may become less red as the lesion grows.Oftentimes, vets treat ringworm with a combination of antifungal therapies. Your dog may need medicated ointments or shampoos as well as an oral medication like terbinafine, fluconazole, or griseofulvin. The surest way to beat ringworm is to follow your vet's treatment plan, even if your dog's skin and fur look better.Ringworm (also called tinea or dermatophytosis) is a very common fungal infection of the skin and nails that has nothing to do with worms. ( 1) The condition is called ringworm because it tends to ...For example, if your child has one or two small areas of patchy, scaly skin, a doctor may prescribe a cream treatment. Examples of creams used to treat ringworm include: clotrimazole. miconozole ...Ringworm is also known as dermatophytosis. It is a fungal infection on the skin which appears to be round, red, scaly, itchy rash. The incubation period for this infection is fourteen days. Ringworm can be caused by any of forty types of fungi, out of which the most common types are Microsporum, Epidermophyton, and Trichophyton.Mar 14, 2016 · For example, if your child has one or two small areas of patchy, scaly skin, a doctor may prescribe a cream treatment. Examples of creams used to treat ringworm include: clotrimazole. miconozole ... This skin infection is a ring-like rash that appears anywhere on the body or face. It happens in people of all ages, but it is more common in children. It is also more common in warmer climates. The symptoms may include: Red, ring-like rash with raised edges. The middle of the rash may become less red as the lesion grows.Ringworm is a superficial skin condition affecting a few specific areas of the body (primarily the head, ears, paws and forelegs), and typically, you will notice inflammation at the site of infection. In canines, the fungus lives and grows in the outermost epidermal layer and in the hair follicles, and sometimes the nail beds.

Overview Ringworm is a circular-shaped skin rash caused by a fungal infection. What is ringworm? You might be surprised to learn that a fungus — and not a worm — causes ringworm. Fungi thrive in warm and humid areas such as locker rooms and public showers.. Tri state greyhound park

ringworm stages

Jan 14, 2016 · Ringworm Rash Stages Ringworm occurs in three main stages: beginning, advanced and recovery stage. In the beginning stage a rash may appear in a circular ring pattern and may or may not be itchy. 155. May 31, 2020. #1. Hi all, I got a guinea pig from what I thought was a reputable source, but she turned out to have quite a severe case of ringworm. I've taken her to the vet (prescribed oral antifungal meds) and have nearly finished the treatment course. I've also given her 2 baths. The ringworm is looking much better, fur is starting to ...CDC Fungal Diseases Types of Fungal Diseases Ringworm Ringworm is a common skin infection that is caused by a fungus. It’s called “ringworm” because it can cause a circular rash (shaped like a ring) that is usually red and itchy. Anyone can get ringworm.Sep 3, 2023 · Stage 4: Complete Healing and Disappearance of Ringworm. This stage develops when the lesion has healed completely and there are no visible signs of the infection. During this time, the skin is back to normal and there are no signs of redness or inflammation. Usually, it takes between two and four weeks for a ringworm infection to heal completely. Sep 30, 2022 · Cats can recover from ringworm on their own in 3-5 months. To speed up the ringworm recovery process, use a vet-prescribed topical ointment or shampoo. Some vets prescribe oral anti-fungal medications to clear up dermatophytosis. Cats must be quarantined for 2-4 weeks during treatment. Apr 17, 2023 · Symptoms of Ringworm in Cats. Clinical signs associated with ringworm are areas of hair loss (alopecia), as well as crusty, scabby areas, increased skin scales (like dandruff) and a variable level of inflammation (a form of dermatitis, with redness, soreness and itchiness). Sometimes, distinct focal patches of alopecia are seen (the classic ... I was very interested to see various comments about ringworm. My ringworm started 10 months ago and was prescribed various creams until 2 weeks ago. Then I was prescribed oral terminating. Thankfully I have not experienced any of the side effects others on this site have experienced. To date, there has been no improvement in the inflamed area. The rash usually develops 4–14 days after the person comes into contact with the fungi and develops the infection. A person with a weakened immune system is more likely to experience symptoms of the infection. Beyond the rash, ringworm can occur with itchiness, cracked skin, and hair loss.Ringworm is characterized by a red ring of small blisters or a red ring of scaly skin that grows outward as the infection spreads. Though children are especially susceptible to catching ringworm, it can affect adults as well. Image: Courtesy of Dr. Lucille K. Georg/ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Text: "Understanding Ringworm ...Ringworm of the foot (“ a thlete ‘ s foot”) appears as a scaling or c racking of t h e skin, espe c ially betwe e n the toes. Ringworm of the na i ls causes the affected nails to beco m e t hick, discolored, and brittle. In do m estic ani m als, ringworm can cause a varie t y of s ym pto ms, but m ost cases s h ow sc a ling and patches ofAthlete's foot is caused by the same type of fungi (dermatophytes) that cause ringworm and jock itch. Damp socks and shoes and warm, humid conditions favor the organisms' growth. Athlete's foot is contagious and can spread through contact with an infected person or from contact with contaminated surfaces, such as towels, floors and shoes.Ringworm, also known as tinea and dermatophytosis, is a fungal infection that affects the skin. Patients with this condition will notice a red, circular rash on the skin. Typically, the rash begins as a flat, scaly area that is red and itchy, and as the rash progresses, it becomes slightly elevated above the skin's surface, and the edges take ... Based on all these factors, ringworm is classified into the following stages: Early Stages: In the early stage, you will not get too much symptom of ringworm. It usually takes four to fourteen days for the symptoms of ringworm to appear clearly.Keep the infected area clean and dry. The fungus that causes ringworm thrives in warm, moist areas, so you want keep the area clean and dry. When cleaning the area with ringworm, wash the affected area (s) and dry it (them) with a clean towel. Use another clean towel to dry the other parts of your body.Ringworm, dog. Infected dogs develop bald, scaly patches with broken hairs. Dogs may also develop acne-like bumps on the skin. The most common sites affected by ringworm are the face, ear tips, tail, and feet. Ringworm is diagnosed by fungal culture, examination with an ultraviolet lamp, and direct microscopic examination of hair or skin scale. .

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